By Thabo Mosia
President Cyril Ramaphosa reaffirmed South Africa’s stance on foreign policy, rooted in principles of “active non-alignment.” His address, delivered on the eve of the 15th BRICS Summit, emphasised that South Africa’s foreign policy is guided by historical values, including respect for sovereignty, peaceful conflict resolution, and the pursuit of global partnerships that benefit all South Africans.
Embracing Non-Alignment in a Divisive World
Ramaphosa reiterated South Africa’s policy of non-alignment, a stance that resists aligning exclusively with any global powers or influential blocs. This approach, he noted, allows South Africa to maintain constructive relationships with a range of international partners, from BRICS members to Western nations, without being embroiled in geopolitical rivalries. He drew on historical lessons from the Cold War, during which African nations’ sovereignty was often compromised by external influence. According to Ramaphosa, South Africa’s commitment to non-alignment is both a strategic choice and a moral imperative, enabling the country to work towards peace and development globally.
The President’s message is particularly relevant as South Africa navigates relationships with major powers like the United States, China, and Russia. He underscored that South Africa’s friendships, including with Russia, do not imply hostility towards any other nation. Instead, South Africa aims to foster partnerships based on mutual respect and shared goals, reflecting its dedication to “global peace and development.”
Historical Roots: The Freedom Charter and Democratic Principles
Ramaphosa traced South Africa’s foreign policy back to the principles outlined in the Freedom Charter of 1955, which envisioned an independent nation that respects the sovereignty of all states and seeks peaceful resolutions to international conflicts. Since the end of apartheid in 1994, South Africa has worked to shed its pariah status and build a foreign policy rooted in democracy, equality, and human rights. This transformation, Ramaphosa explained, marks a significant departure from the apartheid regime’s aggressive and isolationist foreign policy.
The Freedom Charter’s influence on South Africa’s approach to foreign relations is evident in its prioritisation of peace, cooperation, and solidarity with other nations. This foundation has allowed South Africa to engage in international diplomacy actively, advocating for the peaceful resolution of conflicts and emphasising dialogue over military intervention.
Strengthening Diplomatic Ties and Trade Partnerships
Ramaphosa highlighted the importance of South Africa’s relationships with other countries, which bolster the economy through trade and investment. By cultivating these connections, South Africa aims to create more opportunities for business and job growth domestically. The President pointed to upcoming events, such as South Africa’s hosting of the South Africa-European Union Summit in 2025, which aligns with the country’s G20 presidency, as key moments to reinforce these partnerships.
As the only African nation in the EU’s 10 strategic bilateral partnerships, South Africa’s relationship with the EU is poised to strengthen further. This partnership offers avenues for increased trade, investment, and political cooperation, positioning South Africa as a bridge between Africa and the broader global community.
Commitment to African Unity and Economic Integration
In line with its foreign policy goals, South Africa remains committed to the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Ramaphosa emphasised that AfCFTA aims to reduce trade barriers across the continent, fostering economic integration and promoting prosperity for all African nations. By supporting intra-African trade and industrial capacity building, South Africa seeks to address the economic disparities that hinder development on the continent.
The AfCFTA aligns with South Africa’s vision for a more united Africa, where countries work together to overcome shared challenges. Ramaphosa reiterated that economic integration is essential to achieving the continent’s full potential and empowering African nations on the global stage.
Balancing Relationships with Russia and Ukraine
South Africa’s non-aligned stance has enabled it to engage constructively with both Russia and Ukraine. President Ramaphosa has emphasised the importance of the United Nations Charter and peaceful dialogue in resolving international disputes, including the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. While maintaining historical ties with Russia, South Africa also enjoys diplomatic relations with Ukraine and advocates for a peace process that includes both nations.
In a move underscoring this balanced approach, South Africa’s International Relations and Cooperation Minister, Ronald Lamola, is set to host Ukrainian Minister Andrii Sybiha on October 28, 2024. This visit will mark the signing of an Agreement on Visa Waiver for Diplomatic Service and Official Passports, facilitating smoother diplomatic engagement. This step signals South Africa’s commitment to strengthening ties with Ukraine while promoting peace and cooperation.
The Pursuit of Global Peace and Justice
Ramaphosa’s foreign policy address underscored South Africa’s dedication to peaceful conflict resolution and justice on a global scale. He reiterated South Africa’s solidarity with oppressed peoples, including support for Palestinians and the people of Western Sahara, advocating for their right to self-determination and a peaceful future. This commitment to justice is a cornerstone of South Africa’s foreign policy, reflecting the values of human rights and equality.
The President also emphasised South Africa’s role in “silencing the guns” on the African continent. By working through the African Union and other international organisations, South Africa aims to resolve conflicts and promote stability across the region, recognising that peace is essential for development.
Looking Forward: South Africa’s Role on the Global Stage
As South Africa assumes the G20 presidency in 2025, Ramaphosa reaffirmed the country’s commitment to advancing a fair and just global order. South Africa will continue to champion sustainable development, climate action, and economic inclusivity, issues that resonate globally and are critical to the continent’s progress. The G20 presidency will provide South Africa with a platform to advocate for Africa’s interests, fostering stronger ties between the continent and the world’s largest economies.
Ramaphosa’s foreign policy vision reflects a balance between historical values and pragmatic engagement with today’s global challenges. By maintaining non-alignment and fostering partnerships with diverse nations, South Africa aims to uphold its sovereignty while contributing positively to the international community.
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