DRC Conflict
By Thabo Mosia
Rwanda has announced the immediate severance of diplomatic relations with Belgium, instructing all Belgian diplomats to depart Kigali within 48 hours. This decision underscores escalating tensions between the two nations, primarily linked to the ongoing conflict in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Rwanda’s Official Statement
On 17 March 2025, the Rwandan Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation issued a statement declaring the termination of diplomatic ties with Belgium. The statement accused Belgium of “consistently undermining” Rwanda, particularly concerning the conflict in the DRC. It further alleged that Belgium had taken sides in the regional conflict and was systematically mobilizing against Rwanda in various forums, using “lies and manipulation” to foster an unjustified hostile opinion of Rwanda, aiming to destabilize both Rwanda and the region.   
The statement also referenced Belgium’s historical role in the region, accusing it of fueling ethnic extremism that led to discrimination, persecution, and ultimately the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. Additionally, it claimed that Belgium has allowed its territory to be used by groups propagating genocide denial and sustaining genocidal ideology. 
Belgium’s Response
In reaction to Rwanda’s decision, Belgian Foreign Minister Maxime Prevot expressed regret over the move, describing it as “disproportionate” and indicative of Rwanda’s preference to avoid dialogue during disagreements. Belgium responded by declaring Rwandan diplomats persona non grata, effectively expelling them from the country. 
Historical Context of Rwanda-Belgium Relations
The relationship between Rwanda and Belgium is deeply rooted in colonial history. Following World War I, Belgium administered Rwanda as part of the League of Nations mandate, Ruanda-Urundi. During this period, Belgium implemented policies that reinforced ethnic divisions, notably between the Hutu and Tutsi populations. These divisions contributed to long-term social tensions, culminating in the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi. 
In recent years, Belgium has faced scrutiny over its colonial past. In January 2025, a Belgian court ruled that the country had committed crimes against humanity through the systematic kidnapping of mixed-race children from their African mothers during its colonial rule in Congo, Rwanda, and Burundi. This ruling has been hailed as a turning point in acknowledging and addressing colonial-era atrocities. 
Current Tensions Over the DRC Conflict
The immediate catalyst for the diplomatic rift appears to be differing positions on the conflict in the eastern DRC. Rwanda has been accused of supporting the M23 rebel group, which has been active in the region. These allegations have strained Rwanda’s relations with several countries, including Belgium, which has been vocal in its criticism of Rwanda’s alleged involvement. 
Efforts to resolve the conflict have seen some progress. The DRC government recently agreed to participate in peace talks with the M23 rebels in Angola, marking a shift from its previous refusal to engage directly with the group. Both the DRC and M23 have sent delegations to Luanda for negotiations, signaling a potential move towards de-escalation. 
Implications for Regional Stability
The severance of diplomatic ties between Rwanda and Belgium adds a new layer of complexity to the already volatile situation in the Great Lakes region. Diplomatic relations play a crucial role in conflict resolution and regional stability. The breakdown in communication between Rwanda and Belgium could hinder collaborative efforts to address the ongoing conflict in the DRC and may affect broader international initiatives aimed at peace and development in the region.
International Reactions
The international community has expressed concern over the escalating tensions. The European Union, of which Belgium is a member, has been actively involved in seeking resolutions to the conflict in the DRC. The EU has previously imposed sanctions on individuals linked to the unrest and has called for inclusive dialogue to achieve lasting peace. The current diplomatic fallout may complicate these efforts and necessitate renewed strategies to engage all stakeholders constructively.
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