Moscow Military
By Thabo Mosia
Khartoum, Sudan – 12 February 2025 – Russia and Sudan have finalised an agreement to establish a Russian naval base in Port Sudan, strategically located along the Red Sea. This move is poised to enhance Russia’s maritime access to the Indian Ocean and bolster its influence in Africa.
Agreement Details
The agreement permits logistical and operational support for the Russian Navy, strengthening its presence in the Red Sea region. The base will accommodate up to four Russian Navy vessels, including nuclear-powered ships, and will host a contingent of up to 300 personnel. Russia is required to notify Sudan 12 hours before the arrival of its ships and three hours before their departure. 
The deal was confirmed by Sudanese Foreign Minister Ali Yousef Sharif during his visit to Moscow, where he met with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov. Sharif stated that both parties have “agreed on everything” regarding the establishment of the naval facility. 
Strategic Significance
The establishment of a Russian naval base in Port Sudan marks a substantial shift in the regional geopolitical landscape. Positioned along the Red Sea, the base provides Russia with a strategic foothold, enhancing its maritime access to the Indian Ocean and potentially increasing its influence in Africa. Military expert Evgeny Mikhailov highlighted the significance of the location, noting that “many others have wanted to establish a foothold, but only we have succeeded.”
This development aligns with Russia’s broader strategy to expand its military and economic presence in Africa, a continent rich in natural resources and emerging markets.
Economic Cooperation
Beyond military collaboration, Russia and Sudan are strengthening economic ties, particularly in the mining sector. Sudan, as Africa’s third-largest gold producer, offers significant opportunities for Russian investment. The two nations have discussed boosting cooperation in mineral resource development, aiming to leverage Sudan’s rich deposits for mutual benefit. 
In previous discussions, Lavrov emphasized the importance of economic activities to assist Sudan in developing its mineral resources, identifying it as a main avenue for cooperation. 
Historical Context
The agreement to establish a naval base in Port Sudan builds upon a history of military and economic cooperation between Russia and Sudan. In 2019, the two countries signed an agreement facilitating Russian Navy access to Sudanese ports. Subsequently, in December 2020, an agreement was signed to build a naval base in Port Sudan, intended to host up to 300 personnel and four warships. However, in June 2021, the Sudanese military indicated it would review the agreement to ensure Sudan’s interests were considered. 
The recent finalization of the naval base agreement signifies a renewed commitment to deepening bilateral relations and strategic cooperation.
Geopolitical Implications
The establishment of a Russian naval base in Port Sudan has significant geopolitical implications. It enhances Russia’s strategic reach in the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, regions critical for global maritime trade and military operations. This move may alter the balance of power in the region, prompting reactions from other global and regional powers with interests in the area.
Furthermore, the strengthened military and economic ties between Russia and Sudan could influence Sudan’s foreign policy orientation and its relationships with other nations.
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