Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly
By Chris Williams
On April 24, 2025, U.S. District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly issued a preliminary injunction against significant portions of President Donald Trump’s executive order that aimed to mandate documentary proof of citizenship for voter registration. The judge ruled that the executive order exceeded presidential authority, emphasizing that the regulation of federal elections is constitutionally delegated to Congress and the states .  
The blocked provisions included directives for the Election Assistance Commission to amend national voter registration forms to require proof of citizenship and for federal agencies to assess individuals’ citizenship status before allowing them to register while receiving public assistance . Judge Kollar-Kotelly stated that these actions could cause irreparable harm to voters and advocacy groups and that no statutory delegation permits the President to bypass Congress’s deliberative process by executive order .  
While the judge halted these key components, she allowed other parts of the executive order to proceed, such as provisions related to mail-in voting deadlines and data sharing on citizenship status, noting that challenges to these aspects were premature and better suited for state-level disputes . 
The decision has sparked significant debate over the balance of powers between the executive branch and the judiciary. Critics, including prominent political figures, have accused the judiciary of overreach, arguing that the injunction undermines efforts to ensure electoral integrity. Supporters, however, contend that the ruling preserves constitutional checks and balances and protects against potential disenfranchisement of eligible voters . 
This ruling is part of a series of legal setbacks for President Trump’s policy initiatives. On the same day, federal judges in Maryland and New Hampshire blocked other executive orders aimed at terminating diversity, equity, and inclusion programs in K-12 public schools, citing violations of First Amendment rights .  
As the legal battles continue, the implications of these rulings on the upcoming elections and broader policy initiatives remain to be seen. The administration has expressed confidence in eventual legal victories, while advocacy groups hail the decisions as victories for democratic integrity and constitutional governance . 
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